نشریه عمران و پروژه
سال پنجم شماره 5 (پیاپی 51، امرداد 1402)

Every year, a significant number of our compatriots in Iran are killed or injured in road accidents, resulting in heavy damages to society and the country. With population growth and road traffic, the financial costs of accidents are imposed on families and the government, in addition to the irreparable psychological and social damages. Human factors, vehicles, roads, and natural elements are the main contributors to unsafe traffic conditions. The traffic safety index serves as a suitable measure for evaluating the safety level of countries. The objective of this research is to compare Iran's traffic safety index with that of Central and East Asian countries. When comparing Iran with East Asian countries, it should be noted that each country has its unique characteristics and approaches to road safety. East Asian countries such as South Korea, Japan, China, and Singapore have implemented various measures to address road safety issues, including infrastructure improvement, stricter regulations, advanced technologies, and public awareness campaigns. As a result, these countries have experienced varying degrees of success in reducing road accidents and casualties. Based on index calculations, Iran has unfavorable and concerning conditions compared to most Central and East Asian countries, and therefore, more attention and effort are needed to improve road safety and reduce the number of accidents.

With growing population and increasing construction rates, demand for new materials in the building industry has also increased due to limited resources and consumables. With development in the field of materials and also the methods of inventive construction, the move to better economical and environmentally friendly buildings is imperative. One of the great new technologies of the present century is the optimization of energy consumption in architectural spaces that can be used to meet the needs of the building industry. The benefits of using this technology include energy savings and consequently economic savings. The green building approach that works to improve the environment in the building, while industrialization of construction activities, provides important savings in the water and energy sector, which is a valuable contribution to the economic goals of the countries. This attitude, which comes from the concepts of sustainable development, is one of the basic human needs in the current industrial world, following harmonization and coordination with the environment. There are controversial issues in architecture, the issue of living and sustainable development, in which a variety of ideas and strategies have been presented. In this paper, the design of an architectural house with a sustainable architecture approach based on the maximum use of natural light in mountainous climates which, in turn, it can be used to achieve sustainable architecture as a symbol of loweringenergyconsumption and enjoying natural light within the site, namely, the city of Kermanshah.

In this article, the sense of place in cinema and architecture and their mutual influence on creating a desirable atmosphere have been investigated. Architecture and cinema both create space and spirit of life and in the process of perception of space and sense of place, they both adhere to common principles. Architecture, in a way, is one of the oldest forms of human art, and on the other hand, cinema, as a contemporary art, is, according to many, comprehensive of all arts. The harmony and balance, which is pleasant and beautiful for humans in everything and gives them peace, is fully evident in art, cinema and valuable architectural buildings. The relationship between cinema and architecture is in the movement and sense of fluidity in the place. Factors such as continuity, continuity, rhythm, repetition and geometry in understanding the sense of place in space, which are important features of architecture, are also manifested in cinema. In another way, it can be said that humans play an important role in the centrality of both issues. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is library-comparative. In this article, after defining the sense of place in cinema and architecture, the relationship between the two and its use in the building of Villa Sava by Le Corbusier and the inspirations taken from it are mentioned. The aim of the research is to reveal these connections in order to improve the spaces created in architecture and cinema.

Purpose and subject: Concrete is one of the most widely materials used in construction projects, whose technology is very broad and includes various specialties. On the other hand, the importance of construction projects in various areas of the national economy and industry of the country is undeniable, and since these types of projects are inherently risky, in the present research, the risks of not using advanced concrete in these projects are investigated and value engineering is used to reduce their effects. For this purpose, in the framework of the proposed method, first, the risks caused by not using advanced concrete in construction projects were extracted according to the opinion of experts and specialists in this field and confirmed using statistical methods. Then the relevant risks were prioritized and ranked using value engineering. The results showed that the three risks that have the highest priority are: customer dissatisfaction, reduced price and lack of resistance to earthquakes. At the end, suggestions were made to reduce these risks.